Thursday 30 June 2016

Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe

This novel is based on a true story of a man named Alexander Selkirk who lived in the early eighteenth century and also the plot has some facts of Daniel's life itself. Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719 in the title of "The Life and Strange adventures of Robinson Crusoe". This work is the pioneer of realistic fiction in the literary genre, it was adapted to stage, television and movies. Daniel Defoe is a versatile writer who produced works with the following elements such as psychology, religion, politics, supernatural and so on. 
Overview:

Author: Daniel Defoe
Century: 18th century
Source: The Life and Strange adventures of Robinson Crusoe
Themes: Natural world & Man, Religion and Society
Major Characters: Robinson Crusoe, Friday, Xury

Plot Summary

Robinson Crusoe is an eighteen year old youth whose family resides in England, Crusoe's father wanted him to become a lawyer but he dreams of going to sea voyages and the whole family is against this young boy so he ran away along with his friend to London. From the the beginning itself the misfortune starts in the form of bad weather and the ship is landed in Yarmouth helplessly, after knowing the situation of the Crusoe's family his friend urges him to go back to home but he refused and make his way to London through land. 

Crusoe made a voyage to Guiana and wanted to become a trader but the bad luck continues, the ship was attacked by the pirates of turkey, for two years Robinson was made as a slave then he planned to escape and made it successful by escaping in a small boat with the help of Xury. Both of them went to Brazil, there he made enough money to make a good voyage by doing planting. The fate shows his cruel face again by a shipwreck and everyone dies except Crusoe, he managed to find an island after the terrible incident.

The isolated island has no men and Crusoe helplessly lived there for twenty seven years. He is lucky to take some provisions from the broken ship, and started to build a home and other essential things, he learns to cook, grow crops and raise goats. He leads a miserable life in the initial days and once tried to build a boat to reach land again but it almost swept him away so he never tried it again. For the first fifteen years, there was no sign of men but later one day he saw a footprint of savages who seldom comes from a mainland who use the island for killing the prisoners. Crusoe saved a prisoner by scaring them using his gun and he named him as Friday.

Friday is extremely grateful to Crusoe for saving his life and becomes a devoted servant of  Crusoe. He taught English to him and takes on the christian religion. They lead a happy life together for few more years and again the savages came to the island, Friday and Crusoe saved the life of two men including Friday's father. The reunion of the father and son was very joyous and island become populated everyday. A ship reached the island who are in trouble and forced to fight with another crew to capture a ship. Crusoe get a promise from the captain to take him and Friday to England after their success in the fight. The small group attacked the enemies and won, as he promised the captain takes the both to England.

Even though Crusoe has gone away for long time he finds that his plantation have done well and he is wealthy now, he returned to the English country side and settling down there. Crusoe get married and have three children, when his wife dies he once again goes to the sea.  

Books to read more..

Tuesday 28 June 2016

Jane Austen - A Prominent writer



Jane Austen is one of the most widely read writer in the history of English Literature. She was born in 1775 in Hampshire, her novels are set in both middle and upper class society and their life styles are deeply discussed especially the characteristics of women. Mostly her works have attributes of literary realism, sentimental, parody, comics and free indirect speech. And also the plots often speaks about the dependence of women on marriage in the motto of economic security and favorable social standing. Austen's works are inspired by the contemporary readers and adapted her works into film.

Name: Jane Austen
Signature
Born: 16th December 1775, UK
Died: 18th July 1817
Genre: Romance, Fiction
Major Works: Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Emma, Persuasion 

Sense and Sensibility is actually an epistolary was written when Austen was 19 years old, it was written in the middle of two cultural movements Classicism and Romanticism. Austen never loses sight of economic practicalities, propriety, and perspective. Then she wrote Pride and Prejudice and it is a novel of manners and it consist the elements of admiration of love, courtship and marriage, reputation and class. This is the most famous work done by this great writer and still the novel has huge set of fans. Emma is also a notable work of Jane Austen, it follows the themes of social status and the confined nature of women's existence. 

Famous Quotes:


"If I loved you less, I might be able to talk about it more."

"To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love."

“Let us never underestimate the power of a well-written letter.”

"One half of the world cannot understand the pleasures of the other."

“Her heart did whisper that he had done it for her.”

"A large income is the best recipe for happiness I ever heard of."

"A lady's imagination is very rapid; it jumps from admiration to love, from love to matrimony in a moment."

"Friendship is certainly the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love."

"Ah! There is nothing like staying at home, for real comfort."

Amazing Editions:

Saturday 25 June 2016

UGC NET DECEMBER 2015 QUESTION PAPER WITH ANSWERS - ENGLISH

ENGLISH

PAPER - II



Note : This paper contains fifty (50) objective type questions of two (2) marks each. All questions are compulsory. Answers are marked in bold.



1.         Who, among the following, advanced the theory that the mind is a tabula rasa at birth, and acquires all ideas by experience ?

(1)     John Locke         (2)   John Wesley          (3)   Isaac Watts           (4)   Denis Diderot



2.         Which of the following authors wrote Studies in the History of the Renaissance ?

(1)     Walter Pater        (2)   Oscar Wilde           (3)   Thomas Carlyle (4)   John Ruskin



3.         Whom does Harriet Smith finally marry in one of Jane Austen’s novels ?

(1)     Knightley             (2)   Darcy                     (3)   Collins                    (4)   Mr. Martin



4.         A poet once referred to an old man as “A tattered coat upon a stick”. That is an example of

__________.

(1)     Metonymy           (2)   Sarcasm                (3)   Simile                    (4)   Metaphor



5.         Which of these is NOT a pastoral elegy ?

(1)     Lycidas                (2)   In Memoriam          (3)   Thyrsis                  (4)   Adonais



6.         In Beckett’s Waiting for Godot the characters often use dislocated, repetitious and cliched speech primarily to :

(1)       illustrate the essentially illogical, purposeless nature of the human condition

(2)       re-create the workings of the subconscious

(3)       mock the exaggerated dignity and wisdom of modern, self-professed intellectuals

(4)       reinforce the comic action of farcical plots

7.         Which of the following sixteenth-century poets was NOT a courtier ?

(1)
George Puttenham
(2)
Philip Sidney
(3)
Walter Raleigh
(4)
Thomas Wyatt


8.         Patrick White published two novels in the 1950s giving the eras of pioneering and exploration in Australian history an epic, ironic and psychological dimension. The novels are :

(a)       A Fringe of Leaves

(b)       The Tree of Man

(c)       Voss

(d)       The Aunt’s Story

The right combination according to the code is :

(1)     (a) and (b)           (2)   (b) and (c)              (3)   (c) and (a)             (4)   (c) and (d)


9.         In which of the following works did Bakhtin propose his widely cited concept of the ‘Carnivalesque’ ?

(1)       “Discourse in the novel”

(2)       Dialogic Imagination

(3)       Rabelais and his world

(4)       “Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel”


10.      Match the columns :


(Author)


(Text)
(a)
Sebastian Faulks
(i)
Amsterdam
(b)
Peter Ackroyd
(ii)
Changing Places
(c)
Ian McEwan
(iii)
Hawksmoor
(d)
David Lodge
(iv)
Birdsong
Codes :





(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

(1)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

(2)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
(iv)

(3)
(iv)
(iii)
(i)
(ii)


(4)       (iii)  (iv)  (ii)   (i)

11.      In New Criticism, the key term ‘tension’ is associated with :John Crow 

(1)
Cleanth Brooks
(2)
Ransom
(3)
Austin Warren
(4)
Allen Tate



12.      While compiling what sort of book did Samuel Richardson conceive of the idea for his Pamela or Virtue Rewarded ?

(1)       an account of the plague in London

(2)       an instruction manual for manners

(3)       a book of devotion

(4)       a book of model letters



13.      Who among the war Poets gained notoriety in 1917, when disenchanted with the way the war was being conducted he drafted his letter of “wilful defiance of the military authority” which captured attention in the House of Commons, and was forcibly admitted to the war hospital at Craiglockhart, primarily to avoid his being court-martialled ?

(1)
Rupert Brooke
(2)
Sassoon
(3)
Wilfred Owen
(4)
Isaac Rosenberg



14.      If you cannot understand an argument and remark, “It’s Greek to me”,  you are quoting

__________.

(1)
John Milton
(2)
Samuel Johnson
(3)
William Shakespeare
(4)
John Donne



15.      Which of the following works did Walter Scott compile ?

(1)
The Lay of the Last Minstrel
(2)
Marmion

(3)
Ivanhoe
(4)
The Minstrelsy of Scottish Border

16.   Which of the following is NOT written by Wole Soyinka ?

(1)
Home and Exile
(2)
Kongi’s Harvest

(3)
The interpreters
(4)
The Swamp Dwellers


17.      In the Defense of Poesy Sidney says : “ Now as in geometry the oblique must be known as well as right and in arithmetic, the odd as well as the even, so in the actions of our life who seeth not the filthiness of evil wanteth a great foil to perceive the beauty of virtue”. Which of the following forms of poesy offers a foil that helps us perceive the beauty of virtue ?

(1)     Pastorals             (2)   Parody                   (3)   Comedy                 (4)   Tragedy



18.      John Dryden described a major English poet as “a rough diamond, and must first be polished ere he shines .....” Identify him :

(1)
Geoffrey Chaucer
(2)
John Gower
(3)
George Herbert
(4)
Robert Herrick



19.      In a remarkably proleptic insight, a critic wrote the following, anticipating Benedict Anderson’s definition of the nation as “an imagined political community” :
“Most novels are in some sense knowable communities. It is part of a traditional method – an underlying stance and approach – that a novelist offers to show people and their relationships in essentially knowable and communicable ways”.

Name the critic and the reference :

(1)       Van Wyck Brooks, The writer in America

(2)       Raymond Williams, The country and the city

(3)       Joseph Wood Krutch, The Modern Temper

(4)       T.S. Eliot, Notes Towards a Definition of culture



20.      “Fair is my love, and cruel as she’s fair; Her brow-shades frown, although her eyes are sunny”. The above lines are characterized by :

(1)
circumlocution
(2)
antithesis
(3)
anticlimax
(4)
bathos



21.      In his “Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot” Pope tells us that as a poet he had benefited from “This saving counsel, ‘keep your piece nine years’” – which enjoins on writer’s patience and great care before they rush to print. Whose “counsel” is Pope referring to ?

(1)
Longinus’s in On the Sublime
(2)
Horace’s in Ars Poetica

(3)
Quintilian’s Institutio Oratoria
(4)
Aristotle’s Poetics


22.      An English architect and stage-designer – Beginning 1605, joined Jacobean court to design masques – contributed significantly to the spectacular theatre which succeeded the commonwealth after his death – the first designer to use revolving screens to indicate scene-changes on the English stage.

Identify this artist/designer.

(1)
Henry Irving
(2)
Inigo Jones
(3)
Henry Arthur Jones
(4)
William Inge


23.      __________ may be defined as any departure from the rules of pronunciation or diction, for the sake of rhyme or metre, or an unjustifiable departure from fact.

(1)
Poetic
license
(2)
Poetic
justice
(3)
Poetic
deviance
(4)
Poetic
diction


24.      That Humanities and the sciences were in fact “two cultures” was suggested by __________.

(1)       Aldous Huxley in his oxford lectures on poetry

(2)       W.H. Anden in his oxford lectures on poetry

(3)       F.R. Leavis in his book, The Great Tradition

(4)       C.P. Snow in his Rede lecture


25.      Chaueer satirizes the Monk because the Monk :

(1)       is too concerned with courtesy and matters of etiquette

(2)       cheats the poor peasants by selling them false religious relics

(3)       courts favour of wealthy people but spends no time with poor people

(4)       spends too much time hunting and too little time on religious duty


26.      Divided into three sections this ground-breaking work published in 1953 uses as the frame of the spiritual and moral awakening of a fourteen-year-old during a Saturday night service in a Harlem church. Identify the work.

(1)       Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Are Watching God

(2)       James Baldwin’s Go Tell it on the Mountain

(3)       Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon

(4)       Richard Wright’s Native Son

27.      Chartism, a political movement that took its name from the People’s Charter had six points. Identify the one point on the following list that was NOT Chartist :

(a)       universal manhood sufferage

(b)       equal electoral districts

(c)       comprehensive insurance scheme for labour

(d)       vote by secret ballot

(e)       payment of MPs

(f)        no property qualifications for MPs

(g)       Annual parliaments

Codes :

(1)     (e)                        (2)   (g)                          (3)   (c)                          (4)   (d)


28*.      These beauteous forms,

Through a long absence, have been to me As is a landscape to a blind man’s eye...
(“Tintern Abbey Lines”)

Which of the following rhetorical terms best suits these lines ?

(1)   Apostrophe
(2)   Litotes
(3)   Hyperbole
(4)   Catachresis


29.      The ‘monster’ in Frankenstein is NOT responsible for the death of :

(1)
Clerval
(2)
Justine
(3)
Elizabeth
(4)
Alphonse Frankenstein


30.      Which of the following plays of William Shakespeare is NOT directly referred to in T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land ?

(1)     Hamlet                 (2)   King Lear               (3)   Coriolanus             (4)   The Tempest


31.      Identify the group below which is known as the “Sons of Ben”.

(1)       Noel Coward, E.G. Craig, William Macready, Matheson, Lang

(2)       John Dryden, the Earl of Rochester, Samuel Butler

(3)       William Cartwright, Richard Corbett, Thomas Randolph

(4)       William Holman Hunt, John E. Millais, D.G. Rossetti, William Morris

32.      Christopher Marlowe was one of the first major writers to affirm what can be identified as a clearly homosexual sensibility. Which drama of his deals with it ?

(1)
Edward II
(2)
The Jew of Malta
(3)
Doctor Faustus
(4)
Dido, Queen of Carthage



33.      “When true silence falls we are still left with echo but are nearer nakedness. One way of looking at speech is to say that it is a constant stratagem to cover nakedness”.
Identify the playwright who underlines the significance of silence thus.

(1)
Samuel Beckett
(2)
Harold Pinter
(3)
Luigi Pirandello
(4)
Joe Orton



34.      The determining feature of syllabic verse is neither __________ nor __________ but the number of syllables in a line.

(1)
number, numbers
(2)
sounds, silences
(3)
stress, quantity
(4)
gists, piths



35.      In Robert Browning’s dramatic monologue, which painter does Andrea del Sarto compare himself to ? What does he find lacking in his own work in comparison ?

(1)       Fra Lippo Lippi – humour

(2)       Raphael – Soul

(3)       Leonardo da Vinci – Verisimilitude

(4)       Botticelli – liveliness




36.      In which of the following does Robert Southey detail the Indian superstitions as an idolatry to be suppressed by a civilizing protestant form of colonialism ?

(1)
“Thalaba”
(2)
The Curse of Kehama

(3)
“Pitying the wolves”
(4)
Country Horrors !


37. The following is the classic ending of a celebrated novella in English :

“I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder. ‘I’ve got out at last’, said I, “in spite of you and Jane. And I’ve pulled off most of the papers, so you can’t put me back !”

Now why should that man have fainted ? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time !”

(1)       Yellow Woman (Leslie Mormon Silko)

(2)       The Yellow Wallpaper (Charlotte P.Gilman)

(3)       Johny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (Sylvia Plalth)

(4)       Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been ?  (Joyce C. Oates)



38.      Harriet B. Stowe had wanted to write a work based on the life of an Afro-American writer which was later published as :

(1)       Uncle Tom’s Cabin

(2)       Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl

(3)       Cry, The Beloved Country

(4)       Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass



39.      Samuel Johnson’s “Dissertation upon Poetry” is part of which of his following works ?

(1)       the final section of his preface to Shakespeare

(2)       a chapter of his novel Rasselas

(3)       the epilogue of his Lives of Poets

(4)       one of his Rambler essays



40.      A new series called “New Accents” was launched by Methuen in 1977. The first title to be published in the series was :

(1)       Deconstruction : Theory and Practice

(2)       Formalism and Marxism

(3)       Structuralism and Semiotics

(4)       Making and Difference : Feminist Literary criticism

41.      “Humble and rustic life was generally chosen, because, in that condition, the essential passions of the heart find a better soil in which they can attain their maturity, are less under restraint, and speak a plainer and more emphatic language... The language, too, of these men has been adopted... because such men hourly communicate with the best objects from which the best part of language is originally derived”. Which of the following groups of the author’s poems in the Lyrical Ballads (1800) contradict this statement in the “Preface to the Lyrical Ballads”, as pointed out by S.T. Coleridge ?

(1)       “Ode on the Intimations of Immortality”, Prelude.

(2)       The Tasks, Seasons.

(3)       “Michael”, “Ruth”, “The Brothers”.

(4)       “Elegy Written in a country churchyard”, “Ode on the Popular Superstitions of the Highlands”.


42.      A remarkable novelist of the English Modernist phase who wrote a short book on what the novel is (and why it matters) remarked, “Oh dear, yes - the novel tells a story”. Identify the novelist :

(1)     Virginia Woolf  (2)   James Joyce            (3)   E.M. Forster          (4)   D.H. Lawrence


43.      What is the name of the angel, who, of those who owed allegeance to Satan, dared to protest against his impious doctrine and left his company to return to God (Paradise Lost, Book V) ?

(1)     Michael                (2)   Abdiel                     (3)   Uriel                       (4)   Gabriel


44.      Which of the following is NOT a school associated with Romantic period in English literature ?

(1)
The Cockney School
(2)
The Fireside School
(3)
The Lake School
(4)
The Satanic School


45.      The idea of “new ethnicities” in post-war Britain was advanced by __________.

(1)
Donald Hall
(2)
Stuart Hall
(3)
Paul Gilroy
(4)
Hanif Kureishi


46.      Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse begins in a piece of dialogue :

“Yes, of course, if it’s fine tomorrow”, said Mrs. Ramsay. “But you’ll have to be up with lark”, she added.

Present among the listeners of her remark is __________.

(1)   her father
(2)   her nephew
(3)   her son
(4)   her driver


47.      Match the phrase with character :

(a)
“motiveless malignity”
(i)
Macbeth
(b)
“Reason in Madness”
(ii)
Hamlet
(c)
“Supp’d full of horrors”
(iii)
Lear
(d)
“To be, or not to be”
(iv)
Iago
Codes :






(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)


(1)
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
(iv)


(2)
(iv)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)


(3)
(iv)
(iii)
(i)
(ii)


(4)
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
(iv)




48.      In Tristram Shandy the narrator’s presentation of his life and opinions is __________.

(1)     linear                    (2)   digressive              (3)   chronological   (4)   rounded


49.      The famous sonnet of John Milton beginning “When I consider how my light is spent...” ends with __________.

(1)       Before me stares a wolfish eye, Behind me creeps a groan or sigh

(2)       They also serve who only stand and wait

(3)       And - which is more - you’ll be a Man, my son !

(4)       And bless him for the sake of him that’s gone


50.      Her vision was of several caves. She saw herself in one, and she was also outside it, watching its entrance, for Aziz to pass in. She failed to locate him. It was the doubt that had often visited her, but solid and attractive, like the hills. “I am not –” speech was more difficult than vision. “I am not quite sure”.

The above extract from A Passage to India is about Adela’s cave experience. Who is questioning Adela ?

(1)     Mrs. Moore          (2)   Mr. McBryde   (3)   Fielding                        (4)   Ronney Heaslop

 Note: The answers are marked by reference, kindly clarify and analyse yourself to make sure. 


ALL THE BEST!

                                  

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Poetic Forms in English

Poetry is the most lovable part of any literature, one cannot cross the literature canel without tasting the sweetest thing called poetry....